UnitedHealth Group · Primly Community

UnitedHealth Group senior system design interview, what to expect: I got asked to design a real-time claims adjudication system

mobile_mara · 4 replies

went through the senior SWE system design round at UHG about two months ago. sharing the specifics because I found very little concrete info before going in.

the prompt was: "design a real-time claims adjudication system that can handle 50,000 claims per second at peak, with audit logging and HIPAA-compliant storage."

some notes on what they cared about:

throughput first. they wanted to know how I'd handle the 50k/sec number. we ended up talking about Kafka for ingestion, processing workers in a pool, and async write-back to a relational store. the interviewer pushed on backpressure handling specifically.

compliance is non-negotiable, not an afterthought. i mentioned audit logging early and that landed well. they asked follow-up questions about who has read access to audit tables, how logs get rotated, and what happens when a downstream system fails mid-claim. if you treat HIPAA as a checkbox you'll get grilled.

data residency. they asked whether I'd use a managed cloud DB and which one. when I said RDS, they wanted to know how I'd enforce data stays in a specific region. multi-region failover vs. data residency is a tension they actually deal with.

they weren't interested in clever. this is not the place to pitch a novel architecture. they want something maintainable, observable, and auditable. i made one "interesting" choice early and the interviewer kind of steered me back to boring and correct.

interviewer was senior, asked good questions, gave useful signals. the level was roughly what i'd call L5 at FAANG equivalents, maybe pushing L6 for certain roles. they use their own leveling so get clarity upfront.

one thing: bring a whiteboard or tablet if it's remote. they use their own video platform (some Microsoft Teams variant) and the built-in whiteboard was unusable. i screen-shared a Google Doc with boxes drawn and that was fine.

4 replies

sec_sasha

the audit log follow-ups are spot on. i've interviewed at two other healthcare companies and they always probe whether you know that audit logs themselves are PHI-adjacent and need access controls. nice detail.

quietquit_quincy

curious why you went Kafka over something like Kinesis given it's presumably AWS. did they have a preference?

alex_design

i mentioned both. the interviewer didn't seem to care which one as long as I could justify it. I went Kafka because it gave me more flexibility to talk about consumer group rebalancing and replay, which felt relevant for claims processing. they nodded along.

director_dee

"boring and correct" is the right instinct at any large regulated company. this isn't netflix infra porn, it's healthcare. the cost of a clever mistake is a regulatory fine.