I spent 18 months wondering if I was doing okay. My manager's answer to almost everything was 'looks good' or just silence. Then I got an average performance review and was blindsided.
I don't think he was malicious. I think he was conflict-averse and had no idea how to give feedback that wasn't praise. Which, honestly, is maybe even harder to navigate than a manager who's harsh.
Stuff that eventually helped me:
Stop asking 'how am I doing?' It's too open and it triggers the 'looks good' reflex. Instead: 'I'm going to try approach X on this project. What would make that a clear success from your perspective?' You're making them think forward, not backward, which is less threatening.
Ask for feedback on the work, not on yourself. 'What would make this design stronger' is easier to answer honestly than 'what do you think of my work.'
Build feedback channels outside the manager. Peer feedback, skip-level 1:1s (if your culture supports that), or just asking people you collaborate with directly. 'Was that handoff clear? Was there anything I could have done to make your part easier?' You start building a picture even if your manager is a void.
Name the gap, kindly. I eventually said to him: 'I realize I mostly hear when something is working. It's hard for me to know where to focus growth-wise without understanding the gaps. Is there something I'm missing that I should know about?' That one actually got me a real answer. Barely. But something.
If you get to review season with no feedback history, you're flying blind. I'd rather have this slightly uncomfortable conversation six months early than be surprised at the end of year.
Anyone else had the reverse problem, manager who only gives critical feedback and never positive? Wondering if that's harder.