BNY Mellon · Primly Community

BNY Mellon senior system design interview: what they actually tested and how I prepared

staff_steph · 4 replies

Just cleared the onsite for a senior SWE role in their technology group. The system design round was the most interesting part so writing it up.

The prompt: design a real-time transaction monitoring system. Detect anomalies in payment flows at scale, store audit trails, surface alerts to analysts.

That's a pretty good system design question actually. It forces you to think about: high-write throughput (they explicitly said "millions of transactions per day") latency requirements for fraud detection (sub-second vs. batch) storage tradeoffs between hot/warm/cold tiers how you'd make the audit trail tamper-evident

I started with requirements clarification, which they seemed to appreciate. The interviewer asked a lot of follow-up questions rather than just listening, which I like. They pushed me on what happens when the anomaly detection service goes down, how I'd handle backpressure, whether I'd choose Kafka vs. a simpler queue for this scale.

I drew out a pretty standard event-driven architecture: producers -> Kafka -> consumers with detection logic -> alerts -> PostgreSQL for durable storage with a read replica for the analyst dashboard. They seemed satisfied but pushed on whether Postgres would hold up at the stated write volume. Good catch, I pivoted to a time-series DB option and discussed tradeoffs.

For prep: the usual Grokking / Designing Data-Intensive Applications material is the right foundation. But BNY questions tend to have a financial services flavor: idempotency matters, audit trails matter, regulatory compliance surfaces as a constraint. Worth thinking about those angles before your round.

The interviewer was a principal engineer who'd been there 8 years. Thoughtful questions, not gotcha stuff. The round felt collaborative.

One thing: they use a whiteboard tool that isn't Excalidraw or Miro, it's something internal. Works fine but bring a simple drawing style, don't plan on fancy diagrams.

4 replies

sec_sasha

The tamper-evident audit trail angle is interesting. Did they get into specifics on how you'd implement that, like append-only logs, cryptographic chaining, anything like that? Or was it more high-level?

staff_steph

High-level mostly. I mentioned append-only storage and immutable records, briefly touched on the concept of chaining hashes, and they nodded along. They weren't testing deep cryptography knowledge, more whether you know that audit integrity is a concern in financial systems at all.

de_derek

Did the time-series DB pivot land well or did they seem annoyed that you changed direction mid-design? I always worry about that in system design rounds.

director_dee

The approach you described is exactly what separates senior candidates from mid-level in these rounds. The question is almost never 'what's the right answer,' it's whether you can identify constraints, articulate tradeoffs, and update your design when challenged. Sounds like you did that.